Passive Voice
Use of Passive
Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.
Example: My bike was stolen.
In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it.Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows:
Example: A mistake was made.
In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.).Form of Passive
Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle
Example: A letter was written.
When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:- the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence
- the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle)
- the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)
Examples of Passive 
| Tense | Subject | Verb | Object | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simple Present | Active: | Rita | writes | a letter. |
| Passive: | A letter | is written | by Rita. | |
| Simple Past | Active: | Rita | wrote | a letter. |
| Passive: | A letter | was written | by Rita. | |
| Present Perfect | Active: | Rita | has written | a letter. |
| Passive: | A letter | has been written | by Rita. | |
| Future I | Active: | Rita | will write | a letter. |
| Passive: | A letter | will be written | by Rita. | |
| Hilfsverben | Active: | Rita | can write | a letter. |
| Passive: | A letter | can be written | by Rita. | |
Examples of Passive 
| Tense | Subject | Verb | Object | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present Progressive | Active: | Rita | is writing | a letter. |
| Passive: | A letter | is being written | by Rita. | |
| Past Progressive | Active: | Rita | was writing | a letter. |
| Passive: | A letter | was being written | by Rita. | |
| Past Perfect | Active: | Rita | had written | a letter. |
| Passive: | A letter | had been written | by Rita. | |
| Future II | Active: | Rita | will have written | a letter. |
| Passive: | A letter | will have been written | by Rita. | |
| Conditional I | Active: | Rita | would write | a letter. |
| Passive: | A letter | would be written | by Rita. | |
| Conditional II | Active: | Rita | would have written | a letter. |
| Passive: | A letter | would have been written | by Rita. | |
Passive Sentences with Two Objects 
Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means
that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains
an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you
want to put the focus on.| Subject | Verb | Object 1 | Object 2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active: | Rita | wrote | a letter | to me. |
| Passive: | A letter | was written | to me | by Rita. |
| Passive: | I | was written | a letter | by Rita. |
Personal and Impersonal Passive
Personal Passive simply means that the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. So every verb that needs an object (transitive verb) can form a personal passive.
Example: They build houses. – Houses are built.
Verbs without an object (intransitive verb) normally cannot form a
personal passive sentence (as there is no object that can become the
subject of the passive sentence). If you want to use an intransitive
verb in passive voice, you need an impersonal construction – therefore
this passive is called Impersonal Passive.
Example: he says – it is said
Impersonal Passive is not as common in English as in some other languages (e.g. German, Latin). In English, Impersonal Passive is only possible with verbs of perception (e. g. say, think, know).
Example: They say that women live longer than men. – It is said that women live longer than men.
Although Impersonal Passive is possible here, Personal Passive is more common.
Example: They say that women live longer than men. – Women are said to live longer than men.
The subject of the subordinate clause (women) goes to the beginning
of the sentence; the verb of perception is put into passive voice. The
rest of the sentence is added using an infinitive construction with 'to'
(certain auxiliary verbs and that are dropped).Sometimes the term Personal Passive is used in English lessons if the indirect object of an active sentence is to become the subject of the passive sentence.
Causative Verbs in English: Let, Make, Have, Get, Help
Here are some specific examples of how causative verbs work in English sentences.
How to use causative verbs in English
LET = permit something to happen
Grammatical structure:- LET + PERSON/THING + VERB (base form)
- I don’t let my kids watch violent movies.
- Mary’s father won’t let her adopt a puppy because he’s allergic to dogs.
- Our boss doesn’t let us eat lunch at our desks; we have to eat in the cafeteria.
- Oops! I wasn’t paying attention while cooking, and I let the food burn.
- Don’t let the advertising expenses surpass $1000.
Note: The verbs allow and permit are more formal ways to say “let.” However, with allow and permit, we use to + verb:
- I don’t allow my kids to watch violent movies.
- Our boss doesn’t permit us to eat lunch at our desks.
MAKE = force or require someone to take an action
Grammatical structure:- MAKE + PERSON + VERB (base form)
- After Billy broke the neighbor’s window, his parents made him pay for it.
- My ex-boyfriend loved sci-fi and made me watch every episode of his favorite show.
- The teacher made all the students rewrite their papers, because the first drafts were not acceptable.
- The school requires the students to wear uniforms.
“Require” often implies that there is a rule. - The hijacker forced the pilots to take the plane in a different direction.
“Force” often implies violence, threats, or extremely strong pressure
HAVE = give someone else the responsibility to do something
Grammatical structure:- HAVE + PERSON + VERB (base form)
- HAVE + THING + PAST PARTICIPLE OF VERB
- I’ll have my assistant call you to reschedule the appointment.
- The businessman had his secretary make copies of the report.
- I’m going to have my hair cut tomorrow.
- We’re having our house painted this weekend.
- Bob had his teeth whitened; his smile looks great!
- My washing machine is broken; I need to have it repaired.
- I’m going to get my hair cut tomorrow.
- We’re getting our house painted this weekend.
- Bob got his teeth whitened; his smile looks great!
- My washing machine is broken; I need to get it repaired.
GET = convince/encourage someone to do something
Grammatical structure:- GET + PERSON + TO + VERB
- How can we get all the employees to arrive on time?
- My husband hates housework; I can never get him to wash the dishes!
- I was nervous about eating sushi, but my brother got me to try it at a Japanese restaurant.
- The non-profit got a professional photographer to take photos at the event for free.
HELP = assist someone in doing something
Grammatical structure:- HELP + PERSON + VERB (base form)
- HELP + PERSON + TO + VERB
- He helped me carry the boxes.
- He helped me to carry the boxes.
- Reading before bed helps me relax.
- Reading before bed helps me to relax.
1.We made mistakes
a.mistakes was made
b.mistakes were made*
c.mistakes had been made
d.mistakes has been made
2.They don't use machines there
a.machines there are not used
b.machines are not used there*
c.machines dont used there
d.machines was used there
3.They are going to buy the ship
a.The ship is being gone to be bought
b.The ship is going to buy
c.The ship is going to be bought*
d.The ship is being going to be bought
4.They should reconsider the decision
a.The decision should to be reconsidered
b.The decision should be reconsidered*
c.The decision should be reconsider by they
d.The decision should reconsidered by they
5.She is used to cleaning the floor everyday
a.The floor is used to clean by she everyday
b.The floor is used to being cleaned everyday*
c.The floor is used to be clean everyday
d.The floor is use to being cleaned everyday
6.My mom always makes me __ my room on Saturday mornings.
a.cleaning up
b.cleaned up
c.to clean up
d.clean up*
7.Can you help me ___ my livingroom next weekend?
a.painting
b. painted
c.paint
d.to paint*
8.My friend lets me ____ his car sometimes
a. to borrow
b.borrowing
c.borrowed
d.borrow*
9.Her parents don't let her ___ out late on school nights.
a.to stay
b.stayed
c.stay*
d. staying
10.We've got to get our neighbours ___ having loud parties every weekend
a.stopping
b.to stop*
c.stop
d.stopped
courses
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive
http://www.espressoenglish.net/causative-verbs-in-english-let-make-have-get-help/
http://www.geocities.ws/voice_passive/pvq.html
http://www.englishvocabularyexercises.com/Grammar%20exercises/causatives.htm
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